In 1971, Roy B. Carpenter Jr. came across the CTS technology while working for the United States Air Force. Carpenter was a chief engineer for the first space shuttle design team. After leaving the USAF, he expanded and patented CTS into the dissipation array system (DAS). Protection from natural disaster can be highly mitigated or 99.7% eliminated by the proper implementation of a fuel tank lightning protection system along with grounding, and surge suppression products by LEC.